I Was About to Marry the Love of My Life – But When I Lifted the Bride’s Veil, I Called Off the Wedding

Matt stood at the altar, ready to begin the rest of his life with the woman he loved. The church was full and the priest nodded for him to lift the veil to kiss the bride. But the moment Matt lifted the delicate lace, he FROZE IN DISBELIEF and CALLED OFF THE WEDDING.

I met Sophia in the kind of way that feels too good to be real. A library. I know, it sounds like a Hallmark movie setup, right? I was looking for a book on philosophy I’d been dying to read, and just as I spotted it, another hand reached out at the same time. Hers.

She laughed before I could say a word. “Go ahead. You look like you actually plan on reading it.”

“How can you tell?” I asked, unable to hide my smile.

A man smiling in a library | Source: Midjourney

A man smiling in a library | Source: Midjourney

“The way your eyes lit up when you saw it,” she replied, tucking a strand of hair behind her ear. “Most people just pretend to like philosophy to sound smart.”

That was all it took. A spark. We started talking — about books, life, and the kind of things you talk about when you’re not trying too hard. I didn’t even notice when the library closed. All I knew was I didn’t want the conversation to end.

“I can’t believe we’ve been talking for three hours,” she said, checking her watch. “Time flies when you’re debating philosophy with a stranger.”

“Maybe we shouldn’t be strangers anymore,” I suggested. “I’m Matt.”

“Sophia!” she replied, her smile making my heart skip a beat. “And I’d love to continue this discussion over coffee sometime.”

A delighted woman in a library | Source: Midjourney

A delighted woman in a library | Source: Midjourney

From there, things moved fast, but they always felt right. Sophia was the kind of person who made the world feel lighter. She was smart, kind, and beautiful in this effortless way, like she wasn’t even trying to be. Within a year, I was down on one knee, holding out the ring I knew would look perfect on her hand.

“Sophia,” I said, my voice trembling, “you make every day feel like that first moment in the library. Will you marry me?”

Tears welled up in her eyes. “Yes, Matt! A thousand times yes!”

And that’s how our journey began. But there was one complication: her sister, Emily.

Grayscale shot of man proposing to his girlfriend | Source: Unsplash

Grayscale shot of man proposing to his girlfriend | Source: Unsplash

Emily was… different. Looking at her was like seeing Sophia’s reflection in a slightly warped mirror. They shared the same delicate features, the same honey-blonde hair, and the same bright eyes. Most people assumed they were twins, and the sisters would often joke about it.

But while they may have looked alike on the outside, Emily had this intense energy about her, like she was always a second away from doing something unpredictable.

“You know,” people would often say, “if I didn’t know better, I’d swear you two were identical twins.”

Sophia would laugh it off, but Emily would always get this strange look in her eyes, like she was filing away that information for later. She had always been… obsessed with me. At first, I thought it was harmless — a little extra attention here and there, playful teasing when Sophia wasn’t around.

But over time, it became unsettling.

A woman flirtatiously smiling at someone | Source: Midjourney

A woman flirtatiously smiling at someone | Source: Midjourney

When Sophia wasn’t looking, Emily would linger too long, touch my arm unnecessarily, or make comments that felt more personal than a sister-in-law-to-be should.

“You know, Matt,” Emily would say, her fingers lingering on my shoulder, “Sophia’s so lucky to have found you. I’ve always wanted someone just like you. We even look so much alike… doesn’t that feel like fate?”

“Emily, please,” I’d say, stepping away uncomfortably. “I love your sister.”

“Love is such a complicated thing, isn’t it?” she’d reply with that unsettling smile. “Sometimes we think we know what we want, but we’re wrong. And sometimes what we want is right in front of us, wearing a different face.”

It was unnerving, but I convinced myself it wasn’t worth making a big deal over.

A frustrated man | Source: Midjourney

A frustrated man | Source: Midjourney

When I brought it up to Sophia, she just brushed it off. “That’s just Emily being Emily,” she’d say with a laugh, as if her sister’s behavior was some running joke I wasn’t in on.

“I don’t know, Sophia,” I’d press. “Something feels off about the way she acts around me.”

“Matt, honey, she’s had a rough time lately. She’s just trying to find her place in the world. Please, for me, try to understand?”

I let it go, not wanting to create unnecessary drama. After all, we were planning a wedding, and I wanted everything to be perfect.

But looking back, I should’ve trusted my gut.

A church decorated for a wedding | Source: Pexels

A church decorated for a wedding | Source: Pexels

The wedding day arrived like a dream. The church was packed, every pew filled with family and friends. The hum of anticipation filled the air, and I stood at the altar, palms sweating, my heart pounding in my chest.

Dave, my best man, nudged me with a grin. “You good, man? You look like you might pass out.”

I chuckled nervously. “Yeah, I’m good. Just… ready to see her, you know?”

“I’ve never seen you this nervous,” Dave whispered. “Not even when you were practicing your proposal speech for three weeks straight.”

“This is different,” I replied, adjusting my tie for the hundredth time. “This is forever.”

“And it’s perfect,” Dave assured me. “You and Sophia? You’re meant to be.”

And then, the organ began to play.

An excited groom in the churh | Source: Midjourney

An excited groom in the churh | Source: Midjourney

The heavy oak doors at the back of the church creaked open, and there she was. My bride. Sophia. She looked radiant in her white gown, her face hidden beneath a delicate lace veil. For a moment, it felt like the air had been knocked out of my lungs.

Step by step, she made her way down the aisle, her father guiding her arm. I couldn’t take my eyes off her, but something felt… strange. Her movements were stiff and her posture rigid. She wasn’t looking at me, not the way she always did.

I told myself it was nerves. We were both nervous — it was a big day, after all.

The ceremony began, the priest’s voice a blur as he led us through the vows. When the moment came to lift her veil, my hands trembled. This was it. The moment I’d been waiting for. But when I lifted the veil, my heart STOPPED.

It wasn’t Sophia. It was… EMILY.

A cheerful woman in a bridal attire | Source: Midjourney

A cheerful woman in a bridal attire | Source: Midjourney

“EMILY? What are you doing here?” I gasped.

How had I not realized sooner? The similar height, the same build, the matching honey-blonde hair — it had made her cruel deception possible.

The gasp that erupted from the crowd sounded distant, like it was coming from underwater. My chest tightened, and I took a step back, staring at her in disbelief.

“What the hell is this?” I gasped. “Where is Sophia?”

Emily smiled this small, smug smile that made my stomach turn. “Sophia’s not coming,” she said softly, like she was breaking the news gently.

A startled groom | Source: Midjourney

A startled groom | Source: Midjourney

“What are you talking about? Where is she?”

Emily took a step closer, her eyes locked on mine. “She doesn’t love you, Matt. She was never going to show up today. But I’m here. I’ve always been here.”

“This isn’t happening,” I muttered, running my hands through my hair. “This can’t be happening.”

“But it is happening!” Emily whispered, reaching for my hand. “This is fate, Matt. You and me. It’s always been you and me.”

I stared at her, trying to make sense of the words coming out of her mouth. “You’re lying.”

“I’m not. She doesn’t want this. She doesn’t want you. But I do. I’ve loved you since the day I met you. And I know you love me too, even if you won’t admit it.”

A furious bride | Source: Midjourney

A furious bride | Source: Midjourney

“Stop it!” I shouted, my voice echoing through the church. “Where is my fiancée? What have you done with Sophia?”

“She’s exactly where she’s meant to be! She doesn’t want to see you, let alone marry you!”

Her words hit me like a punch to the gut. My hands clenched at my sides, my head spinning. I tried calling Sophia but her number was disconnected.

“You’re insane. This wedding is over!” I hissed at Emily.

“Matt, please,” she begged, grabbing my arm. “Everything I did, I did for us. Can’t you see that?”

I yanked my arm away. “There is no us, Emily. There never was, and there never will be.”

I turned to the crowd, my voice louder now. “Thank you all for coming. But there will be no wedding today.”

A disheartened groom | Source: Midjourney

A disheartened groom | Source: Midjourney

“You’ll regret this!” Emily screamed as I walked away. “She’ll never love you like I do!”

And with that, I walked out, leaving the chaos behind me.

I couldn’t sleep that night. The moment kept looping in my head, over and over, refusing to let me rest. How could Emily possibly think this would work? And where the hell was Sophia? I tried calling her again, but every time, it went straight to voicemail.

The next morning, my phone rang. I almost didn’t answer — it could’ve been anyone calling to ask what happened. But something told me to pick up.

“Matt?”

My heart stopped. “Sophia?”

A shocked man talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney

A shocked man talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney

Her voice was shaky and desperate. “I’m so sorry. I’m calling from my dad’s phone. I didn’t mean for any of this to happen.”

“Where were you?” I demanded, my anger and relief mixing into something I couldn’t describe.

She broke down, sobbing. “Emily locked me in the attic.”

“What?” I froze, gripping the phone tighter. “What are you talking about?”

“She told me she had a surprise for me,” Sophia said through her tears. “She said she wanted to give me something before we left for the wedding. When I went into the attic, she shoved me in and locked the door after grabbing my phone. I screamed, Matt. I screamed so much, but no one could hear me.”

A helpless bride trapped in an attic | Source: Midjourney

A helpless bride trapped in an attic | Source: Midjourney

“Oh God, Sophia,” I choked out, tears streaming down my face. “I should have known something was wrong. I should have protected you.”

“I was so scared,” she whispered. “Not just for me, but for you. I knew what she was capable of, but I never thought… I never imagined she’d go this far.”

I sat down, my head in my hands. “She locked you in the attic to… to take your place?”

Sophia’s silence said everything.

“I kept banging on the door,” she finally continued, her voice breaking. “I kept calling for help until my voice gave out. And the whole time, I could hear the wedding music playing below. I could hear everything, Matt. Everything. I fainted from exhaustion. My dad found me hours later and told me the wedding was off.”

“I’m coming over,” I said, grabbing my keys. “Right now.”

An anxious woman talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney

An anxious woman talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney

“Matt,” she called out before I could hang up. “I love you. I need you to know that.”

“I love you too. More than anything.”

When I got to her house, Sophia ran into my arms, her face pale and tear-streaked. I held her tightly, my emotions threatening to spill over.

“I’m so sorry,” she whispered.

“Look at me,” I said, gently lifting her chin. “None of this is your fault. Emily… she needs help.”

“I should have seen it coming,” Sophia said, trembling. “All those times, the way she’d look at you, the things she’d say when we weren’t around. I thought if I just loved her enough, supported her enough…”

“This isn’t your fault,” I said. “Emily’s sick. She needs help, but that doesn’t mean we let this slide.”

A disheartened man lost in deep thought | Source: Midjourney

A disheartened man lost in deep thought | Source: Midjourney

“What are we going to do?” Sophia asked, her eyes meeting mine.

“We’re going to do what’s right,” I replied, taking her hand. “For everyone’s sake.”

We pressed charges against Emily. It wasn’t an easy decision, but it was the right one. Her actions weren’t just a harmless prank — they were dangerous and calculated. She needed to face the consequences.

“I never wanted it to come to this,” Sophia sobbed as we left the police station. “She’s my sister, Matt. My little sister.”

“I know, love,” I said, holding her close. “But sometimes loving someone means making the hard choices. She needs help, and this is the only way to make sure she gets it.”

A heartbroken woman | Source: Midjourney

A heartbroken woman | Source: Midjourney

Emily’s betrayal left scars, but it didn’t destroy us. Sophia and I took time to heal, to rebuild the trust and love that had been tested so deeply. And when we were ready, we planned a new wedding — smaller, quieter, but filled with the people who truly supported us.

This time, when Sophia walked down the aisle, there wasn’t a single doubt in my mind. When I lifted her veil and saw her radiant smile, I knew we had weathered the storm together, and we were stronger for it.

“I do,” she said, her voice strong and clear, without any trace of fear or doubt.

“I do,” I replied, meaning it more than ever before.

And as we sealed our vows with a kiss, I realized that true love isn’t just about the perfect moments… it’s about surviving the imperfect ones together.

A bride and groom kissing each other | Source: Unsplash

A bride and groom kissing each other | Source: Unsplash

My Wife Excluded Me from Her Birthday Party – I Was Shocked to Find Out Why

I thought my wife, Jenna, and I shared everything, including our deepest secrets. But when she excluded me from her birthday party, I realized I’d been left out of more than just one celebration. What hurt the most was discovering why.

It wasn’t just the party that stung. It was what it revealed about my wife and our marriage.

I’d spent a year saving for her dream gift, only to find out that I wasn’t enough for her. Looking back, the signs had always been there. I guess I just never wanted to see them.

A man looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney

A man looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney

Jenna and I were introduced by our families eight years ago. They thought we’d be a great match, and they were right. At least in the beginning.

She was warm, outgoing, and had this infectious energy that made everyone gravitate toward her. I was quieter and more practical, but I found her enthusiasm refreshing. We went on a few dates, and soon enough, I was hooked.

Of course, she wasn’t perfect. No one is.

I noticed early on that she had a bit of a materialistic streak.

A woman sitting in her house | Source: Midjourney

A woman sitting in her house | Source: Midjourney

She loved fancy dinners, designer handbags, and the kind of vacations that made Instagram feeds look like travel brochures.

At the time, I chalked it up to her appreciating the finer things in life. Besides, I wasn’t exactly living extravagantly, but I wasn’t struggling either.

I thought we could balance each other out.

We got married five years ago, and for a while, everything seemed great. I loved how Jenna lit up a room and could talk to anyone and make them feel like the most important person in the world.

A close-up shot of a woman | Source: Midjourney

A close-up shot of a woman | Source: Midjourney

I worked a steady job as a financial consultant, and while I wasn’t raking in millions, I took pride in providing a stable life for us.

But there were moments, small, nagging moments, that hinted things weren’t as perfect as they seemed.

I remember one time I gave her a custom photo album for our anniversary, filled with pictures of our favorite memories. She smiled and thanked me, but later, I overheard her on the phone with a friend, saying, “Yeah, it’s sweet, but I was kind of hoping for a spa weekend or something.”

A woman using her phone | Source: Midjourney

A woman using her phone | Source: Midjourney

It hurt, but I convinced myself it didn’t mean anything. Jenna had always been expressive, and I figured she was just venting.

Still, the little incidents piled up.

She’d casually mention how her friend’s husband surprised her with diamond earrings “just because” or how another friend’s partner whisked her away for a luxury retreat.

“Can you believe how lucky they are?” she’d say, with a wistful look I tried not to take personally.

But deep down, I started to feel like I was falling short.

A man talking to his wife | Source: Midjourney

A man talking to his wife | Source: Midjourney

I didn’t have the kind of job that allowed for extravagant gifts or surprise getaways, but I made up for it with thoughtfulness. At least, I thought I did.

I’d spend hours planning little surprises for her, like cooking her favorite meals after a long day or leaving sweet notes in her work bag.

I hoped those gestures meant more than a price tag.

Then came the conversations that left me questioning myself.

A man standing in the dark | Source: Midjourney

A man standing in the dark | Source: Midjourney

Once, when her friends came over, I overheard them talking.

“So, what did Lucas spoil you with this time?” one of her friends asked.

I heard Jenna laugh sheepishly.

“Oh, you know Lucas,” she began. “He’s more about sentiment than splurging.”

Her tone wasn’t outright dismissive, but it wasn’t exactly proud either.

A woman sitting in the dark | Source: Midjourney

A woman sitting in the dark | Source: Midjourney

Looking back, I should’ve seen it coming. I should’ve realized that Jenna’s world was one where appearances mattered. A world where being “just enough” was never going to cut it.

But I loved her, and I believed that love was enough to bridge the gap between our differences.

I was wrong.

So wrong.

A man standing in his house | Source: Midjourney

A man standing in his house | Source: Midjourney

A few weeks ago, Jenna surprised me with an announcement that caught me off guard.

“I’m not celebrating my birthday this year,” she said over dinner. “I’m getting older, and honestly, what’s there to celebrate?”

I paused mid-bite and stared at her. Jenna loved birthdays. She’d always meticulously plan a theme, coordinate outfits, and ensure the guest list was perfect. The idea of her skipping the occasion altogether felt off.

“Are you sure?” I asked, keeping my tone light. “You’ve always loved celebrating.”

A man talking to his wife | Source: Midjourney

A man talking to his wife | Source: Midjourney

She shrugged. “I just don’t feel like it this year. Maybe next time.”

Her response didn’t sit well with me, but I didn’t push. Everyone has their moments, and I figured turning 35 left her feeling reflective or even self-conscious.

Still, I wanted to do something special for her.

Jenna loved jewelry but rarely bought any for herself, always saying it was too indulgent. So, for the past year, I’d been quietly saving up for a pair of diamond earrings I knew she’d adore.

A pair of earrings | Source: Pexels

A pair of earrings | Source: Pexels

Honestly, saving up hadn’t been easy. I’d skipped lunches out, passed on new clothes, and even took on extra work during the holidays.

The earrings I’d bought were beautiful and I couldn’t wait to surprise her. I imagined giving them to her during a quiet dinner at home. I thought it would be perfect.

But everything changed a few days before her birthday.

I was at the grocery store picking up some last-minute essentials when I ran into Mark, one of Jenna’s coworkers.

Shopping carts at a supermarket | Source: Pexels

Shopping carts at a supermarket | Source: Pexels

We exchanged pleasantries and talked about the usual stuff until he casually mentioned something that made my heart drop.

“Okay, see ya at Jenna’s birthday party on Friday!” he said with a grin.

“Party?” I asked. I had no idea what he was talking about.

“Yeah, her birthday party. You know about it, right?”

“Oh, yeah, the party!” I chuckled. “Same place as last time, right? I keep mixing things up.”

“No, it’s at that new restaurant,” Mark said. “Le Bijou, downtown. Friday at 7. All friends and family are coming!”

A man in a supermarket | Source: Pexels

A man in a supermarket | Source: Pexels

I forced a laugh, playing it off. “Oh, right, of course. Just slipped my mind for a second. Been swamped with work lately.”

Mark nodded. “Well, it should be fun. Jenna always throws a great party.”

I managed a smile and a quick goodbye before turning the cart down the next aisle.

Le Bijou was a new upscale restaurant downtown. It required booking weeks in advance and a price tag to match.

What bothered me the most was that my wife hadn’t mentioned a word about that party.

A woman standing in her house | Source: Midjourney

A woman standing in her house | Source: Midjourney

For the next two days, I tried to rationalize what Mark had said. Maybe he was mistaken. Maybe it was a surprise party, and Jenna didn’t want me to find out.

But deep down, I knew the truth. She’d excluded me on purpose.

Why wouldn’t she want me there? I thought. Was she embarrassed? Angry? Or had I done something to make her feel like I didn’t belong by her side?

A man looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney

A man looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney

The questions ate away at me, but I couldn’t bring myself to ask Jenna outright.

Instead, I decided to find out. I told myself I wasn’t going to cause a scene and that I just needed answers. I decided to go to the party to see why she didn’t want me there.

On the day of her birthday, she seemed quite calm.

“I’m just going out with some friends for dinner tonight,” she said over breakfast, sipping her coffee. “Nothing fancy, just a small gathering.”

A woman smiling at the breakfast table | Source: Midjourney

A woman smiling at the breakfast table | Source: Midjourney

“Oh, really? I thought we’d have dinner at home together,” I said. “I was planning to bake your favorite cookies.”

“That’s so sweet of you, Lucas,” she smiled. “It’s just that Alex suggested we should go out for dinner, and I didn’t want to say no. We’ll have dinner together tomorrow, okay? I promise.”

“Alright,” I said, trying to hide the disappointment.

She didn’t mention Le Bijou or anything remotely like the extravagant affair Mark had described. A quiet dinner with friends was nothing to raise suspicion over. At least not until I arrived at the restaurant.

A table in a restaurant | Source: Pexels

A table in a restaurant | Source: Pexels

When I walked into Le Bijou, it was as if I’d stepped into a different world. The room glittered with wealth. Sparkling gowns, tailored suits, and the unmistakable hum of privilege.

In the center of it all was Jenna. Her smile was as dazzling as the chandelier above her, but it faded the moment she saw me.

I could see panic written all over her face as she excused herself and walked toward me.

“What are you doing here?” she asked in a low, hurried whisper.

A woman talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney

A woman talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney

“I came to celebrate your birthday,” I replied. “But it looks like you’re having a ball with your friends. You said you didn’t want to celebrate your birthday this year, but…”

Her face flushed as she looked around. “Lucas, it’s not like that. This is just a casual dinner. I—”

“Mark called it a birthday party when I met him a few days ago,” I said. “This doesn’t look like a casual dinner.”

Her shoulders sagged slightly, and she glanced back at the table where her friends were watching us with open curiosity.

A woman looking away while talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney

A woman looking away while talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney

“Look,” she said, lowering her voice even further. “I excluded you from the party because… well, it’s complicated.”

“Complicated how?”

“It’s just that all my friends’ husbands always get them these extravagant gifts, and you… well, you don’t. I didn’t want them to compare. I didn’t want them to know that I never get any expensive gifts.”

I stared at her with wide eyes.

“So, you’re embarrassed of me?” I asked. “You’re embarrassed your husband doesn’t earn enough to spoil you with presents?”

Her silence was answer enough.

Taking a deep breath, I pulled the small box from my pocket and handed it to her.

“Open it,” I said.

A woman holding a gift box | Source: Pexels

A woman holding a gift box | Source: Pexels

Her eyes widened slightly as she unwrapped it, revealing the diamond earrings inside. For a moment, I saw the Jenna I fell in love with. The one who lit up over little surprises and thoughtful gestures.

“Oh my God, Lucas,” she gasped, holding the earrings up for her friends to admire. “These are beautiful!”

She called her friends over, basking in their admiration as if the entire evening had suddenly transformed into a celebration of us.

“Lucas, you have to stay,” she said, grabbing my hand. “Come on, have a drink, let me get you some food.”

A woman looking back | Source: Midjourney

A woman looking back | Source: Midjourney

But I couldn’t. Something inside me had cracked, and no amount of praise or attention from her friends could fix it.

“I can’t stay,” I said. “The second part of your gift is waiting for you at home.”

Her eyes lit up with excitement. “What is it? Tell me!”

“You’ll see,” I said, pressing a quick kiss to her cheek before walking away. I didn’t look back.

When Jenna returned home later that night, she found the house dark and eerily quiet.

A woman in a hallway | Source: Midjourney

A woman in a hallway | Source: Midjourney

The only light came from the kitchen, where a single envelope sat on the table. I’d left a letter for her.

Dear Jenna,

I spent a year saving for those earrings because I wanted you to feel loved, cherished, and appreciated. You always said you loved jewelry but never treated yourself, so I wanted to give you something special. Something to show you how much you mean to me.

A woman reading a letter | Source: Midjourney

A woman reading a letter | Source: Midjourney

But tonight, I realized that no matter how much I give, it will never be enough. Hearing you say you were embarrassed of me, of us, broke something inside me. I’ve always believed love was about more than material things, but you’ve made it clear that appearances and comparisons matter more.

So, here’s the second part of your gift: FREEDOM. For both of us.

A close-up shot of a handwritten note | Source: Pexels

A close-up shot of a handwritten note | Source: Pexels

I’m filing for divorce. I deserve someone who values me for who I am, not for what I can buy. And you deserve someone who can give you the lifestyle you clearly want.

Please don’t contact me. This is goodbye.

—Lucas

Over the next few days, Jenna called me repeatedly, leaving tearful messages begging for forgiveness. She said she’d made a mistake, that she didn’t mean what she said, and that she wanted to fix things.

But I was done. I sent her one final text.

A man using his phone | Source: Pexels

A man using his phone | Source: Pexels

Don’t contact me again. It’s over.

Then I blocked her number and moved forward with the divorce.

Now, months later, I feel lighter, as if a weight I didn’t even know I was carrying has been lifted. Losing Jenna was painful, but knowing I’ll never have to endure her constant comparisons or unspoken disappointment again?

That’s a relief I can’t put into words.

If you enjoyed reading this story, here’s another one you might like: I never imagined that hiding behind our bedroom curtain to surprise my husband on his birthday would lead to me filming him somewhere unexpected just hours later. The romantic scavenger hunt I’d planned turned into evidence that we needed a divorce.

This work is inspired by real events and people, but it has been fictionalized for creative purposes. Names, characters, and details have been changed to protect privacy and enhance the narrative. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental and not intended by the author.

The author and publisher make no claims to the accuracy of events or the portrayal of characters and are not liable for any misinterpretation. This story is provided “as is,” and any opinions expressed are those of the characters and do not reflect the views of the author or publisher.

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