The moment I saw our son’s blue baseball cap dangling from the German Shepherd’s teeth, my heart stopped. Five hours of desperate searching, calling the police, and suspecting our peculiar hosts had led to this moment. But nothing could have prepared me for what happened next.
I never thought our annual family vacation would turn into the most terrifying day of my life.
Looking back now, I can laugh about it, but at that moment, it felt like my whole world was crumbling around me.
A woman looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney
Being Tyler’s mom is the greatest joy of my life.
Every morning when I watch him devour his chocolate chip pancakes or scrunch up his nose while solving math problems, I’m reminded of how blessed we are. With a supportive husband like Jake by my side, I can’t help but wonder what I did to deserve such a beautiful life.
But hey, don’t get me wrong. It’s not like Jake and I don’t have our bad days.
A woman arguing with her husband | Source: Midjourney
We argue about silly things like whose turn it is to do the laundry or whether Tyler should have a later bedtime. But at the end of the day, we always find our way back to each other.
That’s what marriage is about, right?
Getting pregnant with Tyler wasn’t easy. After three years of trying and countless fertility treatments, we’d almost given up hope.
I still remember the day I saw those two pink lines on the pregnancy test.
A woman looking at a pregnancy test | Source: Pexels
Jake found me crying on the bathroom floor, clutching the test to my chest like it was made of gold.
Since then, my life has been nothing short of wonderful. I’m so grateful to have an intelligent boy like Tyler in my life.
“Mommy, why do birds fly in a V-shape?” Tyler asked me just last week while we were at the park.
His bright blue eyes were fixed on the geese overhead, his mind always working, always curious.
I smiled, adjusting his baseball cap. The same cap that would later give me the scare of my life.
A boy wearing a baseball cap | Source: Midjourney
“Well, sweetie, it helps them save energy. The bird at the front breaks through the air, making it easier for the others to fly.”
“Like when Daddy lets me ride on his shoulders at the mall?”
“Exactly like that, clever boy!”
These are the moments I live for. Maybe that’s why Jake and I made it our tradition to take a family vacation every year, no matter what life throws at us.
The view from an airplane window | Source: Pexels
This year, we chose a small coastal town.
Nothing fancy. Just a week of beach walks and ice cream cones. We’d booked a modest hotel online, well within our budget.
But when we arrived, exhausted after a four-hour drive, the hotel clerk dropped a bomb on us.
“I’m so sorry, but there seems to be a problem with your reservation,” she said, typing frantically on her computer.
A close-up shot of a reception desk | Source: Pexels
Jake leaned forward. “What kind of problem? We booked this room three months ago.”
“The system shows your booking was accidentally double-booked, and the other party checked in earlier today.” She wouldn’t meet our eyes. “We’re completely full due to the summer festival.”
“This is unacceptable!” I said, trying to keep my voice down as Tyler played with his toy cars on the lobby floor. “We drove four hours to get here. Where are we supposed to stay?”
A woman talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney
The clerk offered us a list of nearby hotels, but her apologetic smile told me we wouldn’t have much luck.
As we walked out, Tyler tugged at my sleeve.
“Mommy, are we going home?”
“No, sweetie,” I said, forcing a smile. “We’re just going to find an even better place to stay.”
We found a small diner nearby and slid into a booth while Jake scrolled through his phone, looking for alternatives.
“Any luck?” I asked, helping Tyler color his kids’ menu.
Color pencils on a table | Source: Pexels
Jake ran his fingers through his hair. It was his classic stress signal.
“Everything’s either fully booked or way over our budget. Wait…” His eyes lit up. “Here’s something. An Airbnb rental, just ten minutes from here. The price is reasonable.”
“What’s the catch?”
“No reviews yet, but the hosts seem nice. Martha and Gary. They’re offering a bedroom in their house.”
I wasn’t thrilled about staying with strangers, but what choice did we have?
A woman in a restaurant | Source: Midjourney
Jake made the booking, and thirty minutes later, our taxi pulled up to a Victorian-style house that looked like it belonged in a horror movie.
Peeling paint, creaky shutters, overgrown bushes… the works.
“Jake,” I whispered, gripping his arm. “This place gives me the creeps. Maybe we should—”
“We don’t have many options, honey,” he said softly. “Let’s just give it a chance.”
Before we could discuss it further, the front door creaked open.
The front door of a house | Source: Pexels
A woman in her fifties appeared, her thin face set in what I can only describe as a grimace.
“Welcome,” she said in a clipped tone. “I’m Martha. Please come in.”
Once we stepped inside, I noticed that the inside of the house matched the outside. All dark wood and heavy curtains.
Then, Martha’s husband Gary appeared from somewhere, his weathered face breaking into an unsettling smile as he spotted Tyler.
“What a precious little boy,” Martha cooed, reaching out to ruffle Tyler’s hair.
Something about the way she looked at him made my skin crawl.
A woman in her house | Source: Midjourney
As we stood in the living room, a deep bark echoed from the backyard, making Tyler jump.
“That’s just Max,” Gary explained. “Our German Shepherd. He stays in the kennel out back. Built it right into the old garden wall. It’s quite spacious.”
After showing us to our room, Martha and Gary disappeared downstairs. I shut the door and turned to Jake.
“This place is creepy,” I whispered. “And did you see how they were looking at Tyler?”
A woman talking to her husband in a room | Source: Midjourney
Jake pulled me close.
“Katie, you’re overthinking this,” he said. “We’ll be out exploring all day. It’s just a place to sleep.”
I tried to believe him, but something felt off. Still, we managed to have a nice dinner in town and returned late, falling into an uneasy sleep.
The next morning started normally enough.
We had breakfast in an empty kitchen. There was no sign of Martha or Gary.
A breakfast meal | Source: Pexels
Back in our room, Jake and I started getting ready for a day at the beach while Tyler watched cartoons in the living room.
“Tyler, honey!” I called out. “Time to get changed!”
No response.
“Tyler?” I stepped into the living room. Empty. The TV was still playing, but my son was nowhere in sight.
“Jake!” My voice cracked with panic. “Tyler’s not here!”
A worried woman standing in a living room | Source: Midjourney
We searched every room, calling his name.
That’s when Martha and Gary came through the front door, shopping bags in hand.
“Is something wrong?” Martha asked, her face unreadable.
“We can’t find Tyler!” I was trying not to hyperventilate. “He was just here!”
Martha’s dismissive wave made my blood boil.
“Children wander,” she said. “He’ll turn up.”
They disappeared into their room while Jake and I continued searching frantically.
“We need to call the police,” I insisted. “And those two… something’s not right about them.”
A worried woman talking to her husband | Source: Midjourney
Jake grabbed my shoulders. “Katie, stop. Why would they take Tyler?”
“Did you see how they were looking at him yesterday? And now they’re acting like it’s no big deal that he’s missing!”
The police arrived a few minutes after I called them. It had been almost five hours since my boy went missing.
As I described the situation, movement at the front door caught my eye. Max stood there with something blue in his mouth.
It was Tyler’s baseball cap.
A dog holding a baseball cap | Source: Midjourney
Then, the dog turned and trotted back toward his kennel, still holding the cap.
“The dog has Tyler’s hat!” I screamed.
At that point, everything I’d been holding back – the fear, the panic, the horrible scenarios playing in my mind – came flooding out.
The officers followed Max to his kennel with flashlights in their hands. As Max entered his kennel, the officers bent over and looked inside.
What they found there made me sink to my knees in relief.
A close-up shot of an officer’s uniform | Source: Pexels
There was Tyler, curled up fast asleep against Max’s fuzzy body. The dog had been protecting Tyler, and apparently keeping him warm while he napped.
“Tyler!” I called out when the cops told me he was in there.
“Mommy?” Tyler rubbed his eyes as I scooped him into my arms. “I’m sorry I scared you.”
“Baby, what happened? How did you end up here?” I smoothed his messy hair, my heart still racing.
A boy standing in the backyard | Source: Midjourney
“I was watching TV, but I got really sleepy,” he mumbled against my shoulder. “Then Max came inside and showed me his house. It’s so cozy in here, Mommy! I didn’t mean to fall asleep.”
“Buddy, you can’t disappear like that,” Jake said as he knelt down beside us. “We were worried sick.”
“I know, Daddy. I’m really sorry.” Tyler’s bottom lip quivered. “I just wanted to pet Max for a minute.”
At that point, I felt bad for suspecting Martha and Gary were behind my son’s disappearance. These people had opened their home to us, and I’d imagined the worst about them.
How could I do that?
A serious woman looking straight ahead | Source: Midjourney
“Let’s have dinner together tonight,” I suggested to Martha and Gary later that afternoon. “Our treat. To thank you for your hospitality.”
That evening, over lasagna from the local Italian restaurant, I saw a different side of our hosts.
Martha’s stern expression softened as she told stories about Max’s adventures, and Gary’s eyes twinkled as he shared tales about the old house’s history.
“Max has always had a soft spot for children,” Gary said, passing the garlic bread. “He used to be a therapy dog at the local elementary school.”
An older man smiling | Source: Midjourney
Martha nodded. “That kennel was supposed to be just for him, but somehow it’s become a favorite hideout for all our young guests.”
As we shared tiramisu for dessert, I realized how wrong first impressions could be.
What I’d seen as creepy was simply reserved, and what I’d interpreted as suspicious was just their quiet way of living.
3 Wild Stories About Weddings That Were Totally Destroyed at the Last Moment
Weddings are supposed to be picture-perfect, with every detail planned down to the last petal on the aisle. But sometimes, just as everything’s set to go off without a hitch, life throws in some unbelievable twists.
From jaw-dropping revelations to dramatic exits, these three stories prove that no wedding is truly safe from disaster. So grab a seat and get ready for some wedding mayhem… because you won’t believe what went down at these “I do’s”!
A chaotic scene from a wedding | Source: Midjourney
They Held a Secret Wedding behind My Back
My wedding day was supposed to be legendary. I mean, you can picture it: a huge barn, 250 guests, and every detail planned down to the final candle, all arranged by my family.
But when the big day arrived, I was standing there in my gown, staring at a room with only 30 guests.
As if that wasn’t strange enough, I soon realized that it wasn’t just my distant cousins who’d flaked. No. My parents, my bridesmaids, and even my fiancé were nowhere to be seen.
A wedding ceremony setup in a barn | Source: Midjourney
I pulled out my phone, trying to reach anyone who’d answer. First, my mom. Then Ethan, my fiancé. Then bridesmaids, cousins, and even my uncle Rob.
Dead silence. Until, finally, one of my bridesmaids picked up.
“Where is everyone, Celia?” I demanded, panicked and half out of my mind. “What’s going on? If this is a prank, it’s not the least bit funny!”
A bride talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney
Her voice was cold. Celia was Ethan’s cousin and when I needed one more bridesmaid to match the number of groomsmen, he suggested her.
“Lose my number, you has-been woman,” she spat. “Nobody is waiting for you here.”
I froze.
“What do you mean? Celia! What… ceremony are you at? I’m standing alone at the entrance to the barn!”
There was a pause, the air growing thick.
A bridesmaid talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney
“Oh, so you don’t know?” she laughed dryly. “Here, I’ll put your mom on. She’ll explain it to you.”
I could hear a rustling on the other end, and then my mom’s voice came on, casual, like she was calling me about weekly brunch plans.
“Didn’t you get my message this morning?” she asked.
An older woman talking on the phone | Source: Midjourney
“What message? Mom, what are you talking about? Why are you guys doing this to me?” I asked, the tears close to falling down my face.
My mother sighed like I was the one causing the problems.
“Well,” she began, and I could practically hear the smugness in her voice. “Look, Amy. We just thought that Ethan would be better off with your cousin. And well, she’s pregnant.”
An upset bride | Source: Midjourney
Her words hit me like a cheap shot in a fight.
“What? Which cousin? What are you talking about?”
“Ashley, Amy,” my mother said. “She’s expecting Ethan’s baby. And we all thought that they’d make a better match than you and him, anyway. So we set up a ceremony this morning. They’re a married couple now. A married couple expecting their baby together.”
A pregnant bride | Source: Midjourney
I stood there, gripping my phone so hard that my knuckles turned white.
“So, the wedding that I’m at…” I said slowly, feeling the words cut my throat. “It’s just a cover? Or a prank? Did you enjoy hurting me?”
“Sweetheart, you’re young. You’ll get over it,” my mother replied, her tone detached. “Family has to make difficult decisions sometimes. Just… go back in there and wrap things up. Maybe you’ll get a refund on the food.”
A woman talking on a phone | Source: Midjourney
I dropped my phone, my head spinning. This couldn’t be real. I looked around at the guests who had shown up, people who hadn’t abandoned me for some twisted, family-approved plot.
I took a shaky breath, blinked back tears, and did the only thing I could think of.
Stepping to the front of the barn, I raised my voice.
An upset bride | Source: Midjourney
“Hi everyone,” I started, forcing a smile. “Thank you for coming. I know you’re all wondering where everyone else is. Well… so am I.”
A few confused laughs rippled through the room, and I took a deep breath. I noticed that the guests present were mainly mine and Ethan’s colleagues from work. Of course, they hadn’t been told the change of plans.
“The truth is, my family isn’t here because they decided that I wasn’t the one who should be getting married today.”
Guests at a wedding | Source: Midjourney
I sighed.
“Apparently, they had a wedding for my fiancé and my cousin this morning. They’re a married couple expecting their baby together,” I said, echoing my mother’s words.
Gasps and murmurs filled the space. A friend in the front row covered her mouth, her eyes wide.
A shocked woman at a wedding | Source: Midjourney
“Thank you for being here,” I said, looking around the shocked faces. “I don’t know how to make sense of this yet, but I’m so grateful to each of you.”
I gave them all a nod, turned, and walked out of the barn.
It’s been years since that day. I moved far away, cut all ties, and started over. Sometimes people ask why I don’t speak to my family, but I just smile and say they’re better off without me.
They can all go to hell.
A woman sitting in her apartment | Source: Midjourney
My SIL Decided to Ruin My Wedding Because I’m Not Good Enough for Her Brother
I’d heard so much about Colin’s sister, Meredith. He described her as strong-willed and fun, someone he shared a deep connection with.
So, when she finally flew in for our wedding, I was excited to meet her. I’d hoped for a warm start, but nothing prepared me for what happened instead.
A smiling couple | Source: Midjourney
When I arrived home, I could hear laughter coming from the living room. As I walked in, I found Colin and Meredith on the couch, laughing as he tickled her. It seemed playful, but something felt off.
Don’t get me wrong, this isn’t a story about inappropriate family relations or anything of the sort. Meredith and Colin were just that close.
“Hey,” I called out.
Siblings sitting on a couch | Source: Midjourney
But there was no answer. I tried again, louder this time.
“Hey!”
Still, no response.
Finally, fed up, I raised my voice to my best kindergarten teacher’s voice.
“Colin!”
A woman standing in a doorway | Source: Midjourney
They stopped laughing, and Meredith gave me a dirty look.
“Jeez, no need to shout,” she said.
Colin jumped up, looking surprised.
“Alexis! Honey, I didn’t hear you come in,” he said. He hugged me, but I could barely respond.
A frowning woman | Source: Midjourney
“You two seemed pretty busy,” I said, forcing a smile.
Meredith laughed.
“He’s always been like this with me,” she said. “Tickling has always been a family thing. We just love hearing each other laugh.”
Trying to ignore the weird vibe, I reached to hug her.
Two women hugging awkwardly | Source: Midjourney
“Meredith, I’m so happy to finally meet you!” I said.
She hugged me back, but coldly, like touching me was taboo.
“Well, Colin hasn’t told me much about you,” she said.
“Colin hasn’t?” Colin repeated, frowning. “That’s not true, Mer. I’ve told you plenty about Alexis.”
A smiling man | Source: Midjourney
She shrugged.
“Why didn’t you come to the airport with him?” she asked, her tone sharp and reprimanding.
“I was at work; I couldn’t leave,” I explained, feeling uncomfortable at this point.
Meredith raised an eyebrow.
“Well, I would have taken the day off if my future sister-in-law were visiting and I was meeting her for the first time.”
A busy airport | Source: Midjourney
“If I could have, I would have,” I replied, keeping my voice steady.
During dinner, I tried to join in, but Meredith kept steering the conversation to memories only they shared. Every time I spoke, they’d just move on as if I hadn’t said anything.
Instead of trying anymore, I twisted my engagement ring around my finger. I mentally went through wedding plans, reminding myself I needed to decide on the final floral arrangements. And the final design of the wedding cake.
An engagement ring on a woman’s hand | Source: Midjourney
I also needed to choose the song I wanted to walk down the aisle. Suddenly, the list seemed too long and tiring…
After dinner, Colin stood to help clear the table.
“Wow, your future wife can’t even handle the dishes herself?” Meredith muttered, glaring at me.
“Mer, I don’t mind helping,” he replied, shrugging.
She just smirked.
Dirty dishes on a table | Source: Midjourney
“Well, I don’t know how things go down here, but I wouldn’t let my fiancé do ‘women’s work’ like this. But it’s your life, Colin.”
She turned around, leaving her plate for Colin to pick up anyway.
“And don’t be long, Colin,” she said. “I’ll be waiting for our movie marathon. You and me, just like old times.”
I felt my patience snap in half.
A couple talking in a kitchen | Source: Midjourney
“What was all that about?” I asked Colin when she was gone, probably already making herself comfortable in his bedroom.
“Oh,” he said, holding a dirty pot. “I forgot to tell you, Mer is doing a movie marathon with me tonight. And I wanted to do it in my bedroom because my back and the couch are just not friends.”
“And where am I supposed to sleep?” I asked.
“You can sleep in the guest room,” he replied calmly.
A couple talking in a kitchen | Source: Midjourney
“Why doesn’t she sleep in the guest room?” I demanded.
“Come on, Alexis,” he sighed. “There’s no TV in the guest room. And it’s just one night, honey.”
“Fine, but only for tonight.”
The next morning, after a sleepless night, I made pancakes, Colin’s favorite. Meredith strolled in, watching me with a smirk.
A woman making pancakes | Source: Midjourney
“What are you making?” she asked.
“Chocolate chip pancakes. Colin’s favorite,” I replied stiffly.
She scoffed loudly as she put the kettle on.
“Colin likes pancakes with bacon, Alexis,” she said as if I was stupid. “I know my brother.”
A kettle on a counter | Source: Midjourney
“Maybe when you were kids,” I said. “But now he likes chocolate chips.”
“Colin!” she suddenly called out. “What kind of pancakes do you like better? Chocolate chip or plain buttermilk with bacon on the side?”
“Bacon, I guess,” he answered quickly.
I felt my heart sink.
“But I make you chocolate chip pancakes all the time,” I said.
An upset woman | Source: Midjourney
“Yeah, but honey, they’re not the same as Meredith’s.”
“Told you,” she said, satisfaction dripping from her voice.
I set down the spatula.
“Fine, let Meredith make your breakfast,” I said.
A plate of pancakes with bacon | Source: Midjourney
Later, I overheard their conversation.
“Your fiancé isn’t good enough for you, Colin. You deserve better, and you know it.”
“You’re right,” Colin replied. “I’ll talk to her.”
Furious, I marched into the living room.
A frowning woman | Source: Midjourney
“I’ve had enough of this nonsense,” I said. “If you’re choosing to side with her over me, then you can have her, Colin.”
I threw my engagement ring at him, hearing it bounce off him and onto the floor.
I turned on my heel, my mind was made up. I was done. And like that, my wedding dreams were over before they really began.
An engagement ring on a carpet | Source: Midjourney
Man Finds Out about His Bride’s Betrayal – He Goes to the Altar with a Remote Control in His Hands
As my brother Liam’s wedding approached, excitement buzzed through the air. Liam, notorious for his pranks, hinted at a huge surprise for the big day, keeping us all on edge.
He and Denise had been together for years, and when she asked me to be a bridesmaid, it felt right.
Denise was like family.
“Daphne, I need you with me on my big day,” she’d said, gifting me a box of goodies. “You’re not just Liam’s sister, you’re mine too.”
Two gift wrapped boxes | Source: Unsplash
I gladly accepted.
Denise had even planned my 21st birthday when my friends flaked, so I thought I knew her well. And to be honest, she’d spent more time planning her wedding with me than with Liam, who seemed content to just show up on the day.
But secretly, he was putting together a surprise video montage to play before their vows.
Gold 21st foil balloons | Source: Unsplash
“I’m saving all our best photos and videos,” he told me one night, showing me the project on his laptop. I could see the effort he was pouring into it, and it melted my heart.
On the morning of the wedding, I went to see Liam.
“You have no idea what’s coming,” he teased, sipping champagne as he got ready.
A man using a laptop | Source: Unsplash
“Oh boy,” I laughed, feeling the suspense. “I can’t wait.”
The ceremony was perfect. Denise had planned every detail, from the flowers to the music. But when it was time for the vows, Liam held up his hand.
“Wait,” he said to the priest. “I have something to show you all.”
He pulled out a remote, and his groomsmen rolled a large TV to the front of the altar.
A couple kneeling before a priest | Source: Unsplash
“This,” he announced, “this… is our love story.”
The screen lit up with images of Liam and Denise’s life together—their first dates, vacations, nights spent cooking together. The guests were enthralled, and Denise’s face glowed as she watched.
But then the video shifted.
A person holding a remote control | Source: Unsplash
In a sharp turn, a new clip played.
Denise was in their home, but she wasn’t alone. She was with another man, wrapped in his arms, in lingerie.
The room went deathly silent. Guests’ heads turned to Denise, whose face had turned ghostly pale. Her mouth opened, but no words came out.
An intimate photo of a couple | Source: Pexels
“This… can’t be happening,” she stammered, more to herself than anyone.
Then, to everyone’s shock, the man from the video, a guest seated at the back, stood up visibly shaken.
“Oh, hell,” he muttered, looking around nervously.
Liam’s voice broke the silence.
A man in a suit | Source: Pexels
“This is why I won’t be marrying Denise today,” he said, his voice calm but heavy with anger. “I couldn’t let everyone here witness a lie.”
The atmosphere shifted from celebratory to tense. Denise staggered back, glancing around as if searching for an ally.
She kicked off her heels, holding them by the straps.
A bride holding her shoes | Source: Pexels
“Liam, please, not here,” she begged, her voice breaking. “Let’s talk outside.”
My heart twisted as I watched her. Denise and I had been so close, but now I saw her for what she was: someone who’d hurt my brother.
Her tears didn’t move him.
“How long has this been going on?” Liam demanded.
A crying bride | Source: Pexels
“Not long,” she whispered, her composure crumbling. “I never wanted you to find out.”
“In our home, Denise?” he asked, his voice hard. “You brought him into our home.”
Guests gasped, some whispering, others turning away from the unfolding scene.
The priest, at a loss, stepped back. Denise took a shaky step toward Liam, tears streaming down her face.
A couple lying in bed | Source: Pexels
“Liam, please. Let’s just talk this through.”
But he turned on his heel and walked down the aisle, leaving her standing there alone. Denise ran after him, calling his name, but he didn’t even look back.
Later, I found Liam at the hotel bar, eating a bowl of olives and nursing a drink. He looked up as I approached.
A bride running | Source: Unsplash
“Did you know?” he asked quietly.
“No,” I said. “I had no idea.”
He took a long drink, then sighed.
“I found the video while going through Denise’s files. I thought I’d find more photos to add to the montage, but instead… I found that.”
A cocktail on a tray | Source: Unsplash
“Did I go too far, showing everyone?” he asked.
I thought for a moment. There were no good answers here.
“Maybe,” I admitted. “But she left you no choice. You deserved the truth.”
Liam gave a small nod.
“Let’s go find some cake,” he said finally. “It shouldn’t go to waste.”
I followed my brother into the dining room, letting Denise be the past. Right now, he needed me in his corner.
A white wedding cake with fruit | Source: Unsplash
Weddings are meant to celebrate love, but sometimes they reveal shocking truths instead. These stories remind us that no ceremony or relationship is ever safe from surprises.
And some endings are better left at the altar.
If you enjoyed this compilation, here’s another one for you |
3 Amazing Inheritance Stories with Unexpected Twists
When loved ones pass on, they often leave behind more than possessions. In these three stories, unexpected inheritances uncovered surprising secrets, painful truths, and life-changing lessons, proving that true legacy isn’t always material.
These remarkable inheritance stories reveal twists that brought life’s greatest lessons. They proved that the most valuable gifts can’t be measured in money.
An older man smiling | Source: Midjourney
This work is inspired by real events and people, but it has been fictionalized for creative purposes. Names, characters, and details have been changed to protect privacy and enhance the narrative. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental and not intended by the author.
The author and publisher make no claims to the accuracy of events or the portrayal of characters and are not liable for any misinterpretation. This story is provided “as is,” and any opinions expressed are those of the characters and do not reflect the views of the author or publisher.
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